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This paper explores the function of linguistic choices in literary text “Homeboy” (2010) that express the underlying ideology and point of view of the writer H.M. Naqvi. Halliday’s model of transitivity: a lexico-grammatical theory (Halliday, 1985) has been employed for investigation and analysis of these linguistic choices in this literary piece of art. This analysis has proved that patterns of linguistic choices that are used inside and across the texts build the ideological foundation of this selected text under investigation. The model of transitivity (Halliday, 1985) which demonstrates the participants, processes and circumstances with cline of dynamism as 6- band scale (Thompson, 2009) helps the researcher to find the ideologies behind the linguistic choices. Thompson’s (2009) Transitivity ‘Concordance’ or the tabulation of all the participants for the purpose of analysis with reference to the cline of dynamism has been incorporated in the analysis of this research work. The data is taken from the literary text-book Homeboy (2010) that is based on the theme of phobia prevalent in Muslim’s mind. The Pakistani writer assigned lesser transitivity roles but more dynamic roles to the Americans, while the more transitivity roles and lesser dynamic roles are assigned to the Muslims, the crux of the findings. It gives the ideology that Americans are the most influential and strong population in the American surrounding, while Muslims is the affected in America. Key words: Systemic Functional Linguistics; Ideology; Transitivity; Concordances; Cline of Dynamism

Within diasporic studies, the temporal magnitude has remained subaltern, together with the essence of spatial dissemination; mirroring female characters specifically. This paper is aimed at speculating the inescapable nexus of time and space in the fabrication and refabrication of feminist diasporic apprehension in Lahiri’s title story “Unaccustomed Earth” and the subsequent story “Hell-Heaven”. Delineating on, Chronotope (Bakhtin, 1937), particularly in Diaspora literature (Clifford, 1994), the study unfolds, in the selected data, the ideology of ‘diaspora antecedents’ as prognosticated on elimination, not merely from a specific spatial position and temporal juncture but also in addition to the time and space-specific social activity by which a society conceptualizes its terrains and positions itself within them. Governing through the discourses of displacement of the rendered locality, employing the methodology of descriptive text analysis the evaluation demonstrates that the writer creates substituting archives, utilizing the Postcolonial Feministic lens (Ashcroft, 1989). The findings suggest that the intriguing intricacies of Lahiri’s diasporic discourses, examined by analyzing lexical stretches, elucidated that the text construes the sociocultural diasporic identity. The findings also provide insightful incarnations for chronotopicality based on qualitative analysis by contributing explorations of gynocentric identity (Showalter, 1986). And, ultimately, it is deduced that the text is mirroring the social and cultural aspects of life, which deal with the position of diasporic women in a Neo-colonial timeframe. Keywords: Feminism, diaspora, chronotope, Colonialism, fiction, Bakhtin, identity, Neo-colonial

A language is a tool of expression that can be biasedly exploited explicitly or implicitly by different ideological groups to exercise power relations. Critical discourse analysis serves to analyze opaque as well as transparent structural relationships concerning dominance, discrimination, power, and control exhibited in the language (Fairclough, 1993). This paper aims to critically analyze the sexist remarks passed by 12 different Pakistani politicians belonging to three political parties (Pakistan Tehrik e Insaaf, Pakistan Muslim League N, Pakistan People’s Party). The data comprise of sexist remarks passed on women of opposing political parties by political leaders published on e-news sites including Express Tribune, Dawn News, Pakistan Today, Geo TV site, NayaDaur, and other social media including Twitter and YouTube. A mixed model of Van Dijk's (2004) socio-cognitive approach and Mill's (2008) overt and covert sexism theory is applied to analyze the excerpts taken from different sources. The results reveal that Pakistani politicians see sexism as their primary tool to hit their opponent using humor, collocations, semantic derogation, presupposition, metaphor usage, entitlement, negative evaluation, severe judgments, personal attacks, and public harassment, public defaming as major techniques. However, it is also found that not all women oppose sexist attitudes. This research is of great significance for now-active-feminists in Pakistan to get a realistic estimate of prevalent sexist attitudes among Pakistani politicians which helps them to get shaped up for the range of challenges regarding present and future time. This would also help them to know how far they have succeeded, and what is still left to cover as their goals in Pakistani society. Keywords: Sexist discourse, Pakistani political leaders, Socio-Cognitive model, Overt and Covert Sexism Theory

The present research will be a study of FaiqaMansab’s This House of Clay and Water through the lens of Feminism. The conceptual framework of this qualitative research will be based on Pakistani Feminism, which is derived from Third World Feminism and Islamic Feminism. The key issues of this study will include an in-detail analysis of the manipulation of religion by Pakistani men to oppress women which is the cause of the major areas of struggle for most women here, including domestic violence, honor killing, and the pain Pakistani women have to endure in order to locate their identities outside of their familial relationships. The research will represent, through the characters of the selected book, the fact that the road to salvation is paved with pain and sufferings but the light at the end keeps the women motivated and consistent. The research will further explore how feminism helps provide emancipation to oppressed women through the characters of the selected book. The study of the novel depicting marginalization of women belonging to different social classes in Pakistan will help us comprehend ways in which women suffer patriarchal oppression in Pakistan and how religion is used more as a weapon, a tool for domination instead of a path of faith. Keywords: Religious manipulation, gender oppression, feminism, marginalization, patriarchal oppression, emancipa

The study aims at exploring the differences in the English translation of Urdu short stories selected from “The House of Loneliness” by Zahida Hina in 2017. Munday (2012) argues that in translation, the source text is reworked and rearranged causing change in the evaluative meanings of the text (Alsina, Espunya&Naro, 2017). The paper builds on the appraisal framework (Martin & White, 2005) of discourse analysis developed within systemic functional linguistics (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014) with a focus on appraisal domains of Attitude, Engagement and Graduation. The study finds the answer of the main research questions regarding the distribution of appraisal resources which vary across the source text and its translations and three subsidiary questions. The first one is regarding exploration of evaluative meanings in the source text. The second one focuses on the investigation of the evaluative meanings in the translated text and the third one explores which appraisal resource produces maximum nuances. The data comprises of short story originally written by ZahidaHina named as ‘Kumkum is Fine’. It is translated by Yousuf Shahid namely ‘کم کم بہت آرام سے ہے’. For comparison of both texts (i.e in Urdu and in English), the data was tagged manually. The results of the study have shown that the translated text lacks the evaluated values which the source text (Urdu) has. Also, Graduation (subdomain of Appraisal) went under maximum nuances explored in the study. The present study can be considered pioneer as there isn’t sufficient literature available on the application of the Appraisal framework in Urdu language so, it is significant. Keywords: Short story, appraisal, translation, nuances, evaluation.